Biology Higher Level Paper 1 - 1101 Words

M09/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+ 22096007 Biology HigHer level PaPer 1 Wednesday 6 May 2009 (afternoon) 1 hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES †¢ Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. †¢ Answer all the questions. †¢ For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on the answer sheet provided. 22096007 2209-6007 18 pages  © International Baccalaureate Organization 2009 – 2 – 1. What does the following scatter graph show? 16 14 12 10 Variable Y 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 M09/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+ 6 8 10 12 14 16 Variable X A. B. C. D. No correlation between these variables Strong positive correlation between these variables Strong†¦show more content†¦Which of the organisms A–D, identified by the key below, represents an Annelid? 1. Shows bilateral symmetry Does not show bilateral symmetry 2. Has a segmented body Does not have a segmented body 3. Has jointed legs Does not have jointed legs 4. Has a shell Does not have a shell go to 2 Cnidaria go to 3 go to 4 A B C D 19. Which of the following parts of the digestive system secrete proteases? Stomach A. B. C. D. Yes Yes Yes No Small Intestine Yes No No No Large Intestine No Yes No No 20. Why are antibiotics effective against bacteria but not viruses? A. B. C. D. Viruses can hide inside host cells. Bacteria are recognized as pathogens but viruses are not. The enzymes of bacteria can be inhibited by antibiotics. Viruses are resistant to antibiotics. 2209-6007 Turn over – 10 – M09/4/BIOLO/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX+ 21. The diagram below represents the homeostatic control of body temperature. What does the part labelled X represent? muscles of skin arteriole walls skeletal muscles core bodyShow MoreRelatedChemistry And Biochemical Engineering : The Fields Of Synthetic Biology And Chemical Engineering1270 Words   |  6 Pageswork: Recent advances in the fields of synthetic biology and biochemical engineering have been fundamental in progressing the ability of engineers to sustainably and quickly produce specialty chemicals in bioreactors. Using well-characterized microorganisms to generate commodity chemicals is a scalable and cost-effective method for producing a plethora of complex products that are difficult to synthesize chemically. In fact, the workhorses of biology- enzymes- enable high specificity in biochemicalRead MoreBiological Psychology966 Words   |  4 Pages1. 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Emily Dickinson s The Soul Selects Her Own S - 1297 Words

Isolation: WWW6 Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"The Soul selects her own Society-† is a poem that deals with love and heartbreak. The first line of the poem clearly sums up the meaning that the â€Å"soul† chooses which people to let into their life. The opening line represents the overall message of the poem and the rest of the poem elaborates on this line. Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"The Soul selects her own Society† is filled with dark and powerful images that represent the isolation that the soul wants to achieve. The first stanza introduces the situation in the poem: â€Å"Then - shuts the Door† (2), which is meant to show the way that the Soul shuts people out of her life. The Soul that is mentioned in the poem is interesting, because it suggests that the friendship that the â€Å"Soul† wants to achieve goes beyond that of the physical world. A â€Å"Society† (1) that is defined in this poem is the world society that encompasses all p eople. This is not what she wants, because it is selective. The first stanza is filled with meaning, like the â€Å"Door† in line 2 that separates the Soul’s world from the â€Å"Majority†. The majority defined in the poem is created from a feeling of hatred. The Soul is not happy with the community in her area, and chooses to create her own. The imagery of shutting the door from the rest of the world is solemn but also points out the frustration that the woman has towards the community that she feels she does not belong. This dilemma is similar to that of Emily in William Faulkner’s â€Å"AShow MoreRelatedThe Heart And Soul Of People s Innermost Thoughts And Questions868 Words   |  4 Pages Life is a mystery in which new discoveries are made on a daily basis. While on a personal level or higher, people s’ perspectives alter others’ moods and opinions. However, although human beings have traits that allow others to change, can the same b e said about texts? The famous author C. S. 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Rachel Carson Environment Essay Free Essays

â€Å"The Influence and Growth of the Environmental Movementâ€Å" In today’s fast-paced society, people seem to ignore one of the most important factors of why we are alive: planet earth! It provides us with water, â€Å"fresh† air, and a limited supply of natural resources. Mother earth has been a gracious host but it seems as if humans might be overstaying their visit. Modern day greedy businessmen try to squeeze every last drop of juice from earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Rachel Carson Environment Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now But soon, the earth will be all dried up with no more juice to offer. Fortunately, thanks to the work of many environmentalists all around the world from the present day, the world may be able to recover from all its injuries caused by the insatiable human race. Rachel Carson’s book â€Å"Silent Spring†, which spurred the environmental movement, helped raise awareness for the environment, warn humans of the dangers of using pesticides such as DDT, preserve several plant and animal species, and make the atmosphere cleaner Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, which was published in 1962, was undoubtedly a critical turning point in history which prompted attention to environmental issues. Some say that Carson’s book was a â€Å"marker for the beginning of the modern American  environmental movement† (Geary). Carson was a revolutionary and had an astounding influential power. Silent Spring highlighted many of the damages done to the environment by the use of pesticides (Kelly). This of course, attracted many scientists to begin researching the issue but had other benefits as well. Her work was so intriguing and influential that â€Å"the vibrations of  [her] work resounded not only in academia but in the mind of the public as well† (Kelly). Truly, Carson’s concerns caught the attention of many people, both scientists and the public. Because of her efforts, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970 (Kelly). Rachel Carson spearheaded the Environmental campaign and helped raise awareness about the growing risks of damages caused to the environment. In addition to the growth of awareness during the environmental movement, some dangers to animal life also grew. In her book, Rachel Carson explores the effects of pesticides. The most famous of these was dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), which had been used to control pest insects, like mosquitoes and lice, in many countries (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). Although Carson warned of the dangers of using these long-lasting pesticides, some insisted on the continuation of their usage. Farmers liked DDT because it helped to control insect damage to their crops (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). Obviously, there are effects to the use of such pesticides. Carson explains that, overtime, DDT and other long-lasting pesticides had become part of the food chain. This is due to â€Å"the chemicals, remaining on plants and   water after sprayings, were ingested by small animals, which were then eaten by larger animals, including humans† (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). Carson definitely foresaw the dangers of using pesticides towards animal life and had a kind heart towards the lives of those several animal species that were being affected. She pointed out that these pesticides killed not only harmful insects like mosquitoes but also the ones that were innocent, such as bees, fish, and birds (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). The environmental movement helped to preserve numerous species on planet earth. The earth is home to a vast variety of plants and animals. But, even with the slightest change to the environment, can completely devastate an ecosystem (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). Protecting and preserving this rich animal life on earth was an important part of the environmental movement. In fact, â€Å"one of the most significant issues of the  environmental movement  has been the fight to protect animal and plant species from becoming extinct† (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). This concern for animal extinction and preservation had several positive effects. For example, Congress passed the Endangered Species Preservation Act in 1966 in hopes of lowering the extinction rate (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). This law was a huge improvement for animal extinction rights and preservation. However, this law only applied to fish and wildlife, and only to species native to the United States (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). A few years later, another law would be passed to further help the preservation efforts. This law was The Endangered Species Conservation Act, passed in 1969, which broadened coverage to offer greater protection to larger numbers of animals (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). Another law passed in 1973, the Endangered Species Act, further strengthened protections for endangered species. This law helped define the term ‘endangered’ species as â€Å"one that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range† (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). With the help of many federal agencies, combined with the efforts of other organizations as the World Wildlife Fund, a significant impact was made to elp preserve the lives of several plant and animal species throughout the environmental movement. During the environmental movement, some environmental hazards became the focus of attention and posed a severe threat to planet earth’s well-being. An important focal point of the environmental movement was global warm ing. Global warming is the warming of the earth’s climate due to the increase of harmful gases caused by human activity—such as carbon dioxide, methane, and CFCs (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). One of the ways to decrease greenhouse gases and other harmful emissions is to reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oils that are created inside the earth but that are not renewable— which include coal, natural gas, and oil CFCs (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). The process of extracting these fossil fuels can be dangerous and devastating. Mining for coal can have a devastating impact on the landscape, leaving scars like deep holes and mountains with their tops shaved off as well as produce toxic waste that pollutes waterways (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). There are drastic results that can occur to the burning of fossil fuels. The danger in burning natural gas results in emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). Of course, fossil fuels are an important cause in pollution, but another factor comes from the daily life of humans. Humans use their cars as an everyday transportation method but, the truth is, that it also increasing the CO2 levels in the air. Another factor of pollution comes from deforestation. Deforestation is the clearing of forests in order to make room for new development projects. Unfortunately, the logging of forests also results in increases in carbon dioxide (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†). Clearly, the world would be much cleaner if it weren’t for all these damaging emissions from gasses and fossil fuels. Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, helped to spearhead the important environmental movement that would change the way people look at the environment forever. Through her efforts, she was able to give people knowledge about the environment, warn humans of the risks of using harmful pesticides, protect many different plant and animal species, and, most importantly, make the earth a healthier place to live. Maybe if humans work together a little harder, they might be able to keep the earth juicy for just a view more centuries. Environmental activist  Rachel Carson  speaks in favor of curbing the use of chemical pesticides and the aerial spraying of crops, before a Senate subcommittee on June 4, 1963. AP/WIDE WORLD PHOTOS. REPRODUCED BY PERMISSION. (â€Å"Silent Spring†) A fogger machine sprays the pesticide DDT through residential streets while people watch from their porches in 1949. At one time, people thought that DDT was not harmful to humans, only to disease-causing insects. The Library of Congress. (â€Å"The Environmental Movement†) Bibliography Durbin, Paul T. â€Å"Conservation and Preservation. †Ã‚  Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics. Ed. Carl Mitcham. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 418- 420. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Nov. 2012. â€Å"The Environmental Movement. †Ã‚  American Social Reform Movements Reference Library. Ed. Carol Brennan, et al. Vol. 1: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2007. 151-190. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 2 Nov. 2012 Geary, Daniel. â€Å"Environmental Movement.   Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2003. 226-231. Gale Virtual Library. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. Kelly, Evelyn B. â€Å"The Rise of Environmental Science. †Ã‚  Science and Its Times. Ed. Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer. Vol. 7: 1950 to Present. Detroit: Gale, 2001. 83-87. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Sil ent Spring. †Ã‚  American Decades Primary Sources. Ed. Cynthia Rose. Vol. 7: 1960-1969. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 553-556. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Nov. 2012. Silent Spring. †Ã‚  Literature and Its Times:  Profiles of 300 Notable Literary Works and the Historical Events that Influenced Them. Joyce Moss and George Wilson. Vol. 4: World War II to the Affluent Fifties (1940-1950s). Detroit: Gale, 1997. 337-342. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Nov. 2012. Works Cited â€Å"The Environmental Movement. †Ã‚  American Social Reform Movements Reference Library. Ed. Carol Brennan, et al. Vol. 1: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2007. 151-190. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. Geary, Daniel. â€Å"Environmental Movement.   Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2003. 226-231. Gale Virtual Library. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. Kelly, Evelyn B. â€Å"The Rise of Environmental Science. â⠂¬ Ã‚  Science and Its Times. Ed. Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer. Vol. 7: 1950 to Present. Detroit: Gale, 2001. 83-87. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Silent Spring. †Ã‚  American Decades Primary Sources. Ed. Cynthia Rose. Vol. 7: 1960-1969. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 553-556. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Nov. 2012. How to cite Rachel Carson Environment Essay, Essay examples

Making Capital Investment Decisions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Making Capital Investment Decisions. Answer: Evaluating whether Jason should start TOYEE business: Option 1 Year Cash inflow Cumulative cash flow 0 $ (40,000) $ (40,000) 1 $ 8,500 $ (31,500) 2 $ 11,700 $ (19,800) 3 $ 15,950 $ (3,850) 4 $ 16,400 $ 12,550 5 $ 23,700 $ 36,250 Internal rate of return 21.79% Accountingrate of return (Average Income-Depreciation) / Average investment Accounting rate of return ($15,250 $6,300) / (($40,000-$8,500)/2) Accounting rate of return $8,950 / $15,750 Accounting rate of return 56.83% Payback period Year + (Cumulative cash flows / initial cash flow) Payback period 3+($3,850 / $16,400) Payback period 3+0.23 Payback period 3.23 years Table 1: Identifying the IRR, Payback period and NPV of Option 1 (Source: As created by the author) The above table 1 mainly helps in depicting the relevant IRR, Payback period, and NPV of option 1, which could allow Jason to increase their profitability. Furthermore, the investments in TOYEE might mainly increase the overall profitability of Jason, where it might provide an IRR of 21.79%, which is relatively higher than the required return of 5%. This high-end returns that is been provided by the investments in TOYEE is relatively adequate, which could allow Jason to generate higher returns. The overall returns provided by investment in TOYEE are relatively adequate, which could directly help in improving its returns in future. The overall IRR return mainly indicates that minimum return that is provided by the company over the period of time when investment in TOYEE is conducted. Abor (2017) argued that identification of internal rate of return allows managers to pin point projects that could provide the quickest retune from investment. However, Alkhamis et al. (2017) mentioned th at use of IRR valuation mainly allows organisations to identify relevant projects, which has the quickest return from investment. The overallaccounting rate of return was mainly at 56.83%, which depicts the relevant return, which is generated by the investment. The overall ARR is relatively higher than 5% required rate of return, which mainly depicts the relevant income that could be generated by investment. Cucchiella, D'Adamo and Koh (2015) stated that with the help of ARR method mentioned companies are mainly able to measure the overall profitability that might be generated from investments. On the other hand, Castellucci et al. (2016) argued that ARR directly ignores the time value of money, which is an essential part of project evaluation. The overall payback period of investment in TOYEE is mainly at 3.23 years, which could allow the organisation to attain the relevant investment within the time of 3 years and 2 months. Companies to identify the minimum time mainly conduct the evaluation payback period, which is taken by the project to return the initial investment. Kostesek et al. (2015) stated that payback period is mainly identified, as the viable option of investment appraisal technique, where managers are able to identify projects that could quickly provide the relative return from investment. On the other hand, Kwan et al. (2015) criticises that payback period does use time value of money, which reduces the overall viability of the investment. Portraying the 5 year projected cash flow of Revell Inc: Particulars 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Cash flow from operating activities Net Income $ 5,790 $ 7,050 $ 7,400 $ 7,766 $ 7,606 Add back non cash expenses depreciation $ 123 $ 1,115 $ 1,244 $ 1,380 $ 1,523 Subtract gains and add losses Other income $ 874 $ (469) $ (497) $ (527) $ (559) Subtract increase and add increase in current assets Accounts Receivable $ 227 $ (611) $ 271 $ (637) $ 262 Inventory $ 33 $ (133) $ (92) $ (144) $ (105) Prepaid Expenses $ 340 $ (96) $ (101) $ (106) $ (111) Add increase and subtract decrease in current liabilities Trades Payable $ (10) $ (93) $ 215 $ (67) $ 203 Accrued Liabilities $ (700) $ 242 $ 254 $ 266 280 Income Tax Payable $ (6) $ (80) $ 6 $ 10 $ 6 Cash flow from operations $ 6,671 $ 6,925 $ 8,700 $ 7,941 $ 9,105 Cash Flow from Investment Property, Plant and Equipment, net $ 167 $ (686) $ (626) $ (593) $ (550) Long-term Investments $ 1,998 $ (347) $ (367) $ (390) $ (413) Other Non-Current Assets $ 656 $ (556) $ (584) $ (611) $ (641) Cash Flow from Investment $ 2,821 $ (1,589) $ (1,577) $ (1,594) $ (1,604) Cash flow from financing Notes Payable $ 147 $ 377 $ 227 $ 373 $ 235 Long-term Debt $ (496) $ 167 $ 104 $ 171 $ 107 Share Capital and common stock $ 588 $ 532 $ 329 $ 544 $ 342 Cash flow from financing $ 239 $ 1,076 $ 660 $ 1,088 $ 684 Total change in cash $ 9,731 $ 6,412 $ 7,783 $ 7,435 $ 8,185 Cash at beginnings $ 4,308 $ 4,979 $ 4,987 $ 4,996 $ 5,005 Total Cash inflows $14,039 $11,391 $12,770 $ 12,431 $ 13,190 Table 2: Mentioning the Cash flow statement of Revell Inc (Source: As created by the author) Depicting the best options, which could be used by Jason for improving its return from investment: Projected cash flow of Revell Inc. Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Projected cash flow $ (37,500) $ 14,039 $ 11,391 $ 12,770 $ 12,431 $ 13,190 Cumulative cash flow $ (37,500) $ (23,461) $ (12,070) $ 700 $ 13,131 $ 26,321 Required rate of return 5% NPV $17,795.38 Payback period 2.95 Years IRR 21% Table 3: Mentioning the IRR, Payback period, and NPV of Revell Inc (Source: As created by the author) Projected cash flow of Tamiyah Inc. Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Projected Cash Flow from operating Activities $ (37,500) $ 18,560 $ 21,260 $ 26,850 $ 21,450 $ 17,430 Cumulative cash flow $ (37,500) $ (18,940) $ 2,320 $ 29,170 $ 50,620 $ 68,050 NPV $53,957.51 Payback period 2.89 Years IRR 48% Table 4: Mentioning the IRR, Payback period, and NPV of Tamiyah Inc. (Source: As created by the author) After the evaluation of overall Table 3 and table 4 relevant investment option for Jason could be identified, which would help in increasing its over or return from Investments. Table 3 mainly provides the overall investment appraisal evaluation of Revell Inc, where NPV, IRR, and payback period is depicted. The use of NPV, IRR, and payback period could help in identifying the most viable investment option that might increase the return. However, after the evaluation it is estimated that the cash inflow of Revell Inc is a relatively lower than Tamiyah Inc. Furthermore, this is the main reason why Jason should invest in Tamiyah Inc, as it might increase its overall return from investment. Larson and Gray (2013) mentioned that all the investment appraisal techniques do not provide the same level of evaluation, as they have both cons and pros. The above tables also defect the relevant investment appraisal calculation, where payback period of Revell Inc is at 2 years 9 months, NPV is at $17,794.99, and IRR is at 21%. However, in comparison to Tamiyah Inc it is relatively lower, as it has payback period of 2 years 8 months, NPV is at $55,957.51, and IRR is at 48%. The overall calculations depicted in the above statement mainly identify Tamiyah Inc, as the most viable option which could help Jason to improve its overall return from investment. Pechmann, Scholer and Ernst (2016) argued that Investment appraisal techniques mainly loses its friction if adequate evaluation of data is not conducted, which nullifies all the result provided by the methods. On the other hand, Malek et al. (2017) stated that investment appraisal technique allows organisation to evaluate the project on the basis of time value, which helps in discounting all the relevant future cash inflows. After the overall evaluation of different projects and appraisal techniques, it is estimated that Jason must invest in TOYEE and Tamiyah Inc, as both the investment could provide the relevant returns. Hence, the investment could provide a return higher than 5%, which could help in increasing the capital value in future. Mentioning why managers use IRR rather than NPV when carrying out discounted cash flow evaluation: Maximum of the managers mainly focus on internal rate of return method, as it helps in identifying overall projects, which will quickly provide the return from investment. However, NPV method is best used by stockholders or shareholders, as they need higher returns from investment rather than quick return. In case of managers they are mainly focused in identifying projects that have the highest IRR, as it will help in generating the cash inflow quicker and use that money on other projects. The investment project does not have to provide higher NPV for the managers to choose that project. In this context, Sultan et al. (2014) mentioned that managers by using IRR method are able to identify the maximum return that might be provided from an investment, which helps in reducing the struggle of finding cost of capital for an investment. Managers with the help of IRR method are able to increase the process of reinvestment, as it allows the organisation to generate higher revenue from the sa me capital. However, Robinson and Burnett (2016) argued that NPV method is more reliable than IRR method, as it accommodates time value of money, which could help in discounting all the relevant future cash inflows. References: Abor, J.Y., 2017. Evaluating Capital Investment Decisions: Capital Budgeting. InEntrepreneurial Finance for MSMEs(pp. 293-320). Springer International Publishing. Alkhamis, N., Noreen, U., Ghonaim, L., Alghonaim, S., Ibrahim, S. and Alturki, R.A.A., 2017. Capital Budgeting and Capital Structure Decisions in Saudi Arabia.Advanced Science Letters,23(1), pp.330-332. Castellucci, V., Garcia-Teran, J., Eriksson, M., Padman, L. and Waters, R., 2016. Influence of sea state and tidal height on wave power absorption.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Cucchiella, F., D'Adamo, I. and Koh, S.L., 2015. 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